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Suseela Bhai, R.
- Influence of Soil pH and Moisture on the Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma harzianum on Phytophthora capsici-black Pepper System
Abstract Views :261 |
PDF Views:146
Authors
Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu P. O. Calicut 673 012, Kerala, IN
1 Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu P. O. Calicut 673 012, Kerala, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 24, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 153-157Abstract
The role of abiotic factors in maintaining the population and proliferation of Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) with respect to the survival and multiplication of Phytophthora capsici in black pepper system was studied in conducive soil under pot culture conditions. Trichoderma harzianum could grow profusely at a pH range of 4.0-5.0, while P. capsici could grow better at pH 5.5-6.0. Trichoderma harzianum survived and proliferated in soil at a pH range of 4.5-5.5 with 10-15% moisture level. P. capsici survived at a pH range of 4.5-7.0, but its multiplication was at higher pH levels (6.6-7.0) as indicated by the disease potential index and it was also found capable of surviving at all moisture levels tested. When Phytophthora infested soil was supplemented with Trichoderma, a disease reduction of 27.5-63.75% was noticed in 20 days application compared to soil without Trichoderma supplement. Hence for the biological control of P. capsici in black pepper system, the pH of the soil has to be maintained after at 4.5-6.0 in order to facilitate the growth and proliferation of Trichoderma which in turn will reduce the population of Phytophthora.Keywords
Biological Control, Black Pepper, Foot Rot, Trichoderma harzianum, Phytophthora capsici, Survival.Full Text
- In vitro and In planta Assays for Biological Control of Fusarium Root Rot Disease of Vanilla
Abstract Views :426 |
PDF Views:185
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu PO, Calicut 673012, Kerala, IN
1 Division of Crop Protection, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu PO, Calicut 673012, Kerala, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 83-86Abstract
Rhizosphere and phyllosphere organisms isolated from vanilla consisted of predominant colonizers such as Fusarium sp. (24 isolates) and Colletotrichum sp. (20 isolates). Other organisms were Rhizoctonia sp. (two isolates), Trichoderma spp. (seven isolates), Paecilomyces sp. (one isolate), Mucor sp. (three isolates), non-sporulating fungal species (10 isolates) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (three isolates). When tested in vitro, six isolates showed more than 50% inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. These were two isolates of Trichoderma sp. (53.30-70.58), one isolate of Paecilomyces sp. (65.00%) and two isolates of P. fluorescens (59.15- 62.50%) that were antagonistic to the pathogen. None of the non-pathogenic Fusarium species tested showed promising inhibitory effect on F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. The five promising isolates were tested in planta by challenge inoculation. Paecilomyces sp. provided 100 per cent protection against ischolar_main rot. T. harzianum and P. fluorescens provided 40% protection. Thus the present study indicated the possibility of using Paecilomyces sp. as a potential antagonist for F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae.Keywords
Biological Control, Colletotrichum Sp., Fusarium oxysporum F. Sp. Vanillae, In vitro Screening, Root Rot and Vanilla planifolia.Full Text
References
- Bhai, R. S. and Thomas, J. 2000. Phytophthora rot, a new disease of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) in India. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 9: 73-75.
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- Deqvaire, J. 1976. Improvement of vanilla plant at Madagascar. J D’Agric Tropicale et de Botanique Appliquée 23: 139-158.
- Khan, T. A., Khan, S.T., Fazal. M and Siddique, Z. A. 1997. Biological control of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium solani disease complex in papaya using Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma harzianum. International Journal of Nematology, 7:127-132.
- Fang, L., Huai, S., Bo, L. and Hua, C. J. 2005. Antagonistic effect of biocontrol fungus, Paecilomyces lilacinus strain NH-PL-03 and its mechanism against Fusarium oxysporum. Acta Phytophylactica Sinica, 32 : 373-378.
- Fang, L., Bin, G. C., Bo, L. and Hua, C. J. 2006. The inhibition effect of secondary metabolite of Paecilomyces lilacinus against Fusarium oxysporum. Acta Phytophylactica Sinica, 33: 94- 98.
- Praveen, S. and Ghaffar, A. 1998. Use of Paecilomyces lilacinus in the control of Fusarium oxysporum ischolar_main rot and Meloidogyne javanica ischolar_main knot infection on tomato. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 16: 71-75.
- Purseglove, J. W., Brown, E. G., Green, C. L. and Robbins, S. R J. 1988. Spices Vol.2. Tropical Agriculture Series. Longman Scientific and Technical, England, 813p.
- Shahnaz Dawar, and Ghaffar, A. 2003. Effect of inorganic fertilizers on the efficacy of Paecilomyces lilacinus in the control of soil borne ischolar_main infecting fungi on mung bean. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 35: 479-482.
- Sosamma, V. K. and Koshy, P. K. 1997. Biological control of Meloidogyne incognita on black pepper by Pasteuria penetrans and Paecilomyces lilacinus. Journal of Plantation Crops, 25: 72-76.
- Tombe, M., Tsuchiya, K., Nurawan, A., Nazurudin, S. B., Oniki, M. and Matsumoto, K. 1992. Experiments on the introduction of biological and cultural control of stem rot disease of vanilla. Industrial Crop Research Journal, 4: 20-26.
- Tombe, M, Kobayashi, K. and Ogoshi, A. 1994. Vegetative compatibility grouping of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae in Indonesia. Indonesia Journal of Crop Science, 9: 29-39.
- Effect of Organic Amendments on the Proliferation Stability of Trichoderma harzianum and Suppression of Phytophthora meadii in Cardamom Soils in Relation to Soil Microflora
Abstract Views :219 |
PDF Views:126
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, Indian Institute of spices Research, P. B. No.1701, Marikunnu P O., Calicut 673 012, Kerala, IN
1 Division of Crop Protection, Indian Institute of spices Research, P. B. No.1701, Marikunnu P O., Calicut 673 012, Kerala, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 163-167Abstract
An even economical and more frequently used method of attaining biological control of soil borne plant pathogens is incorporating plant residues and organic amendments to the soil, which support high level of microbial activity. In the present study farm yard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), coffee husk (CH) and neem cake (NC) were used as soil amendments with or without Trichoderma harzianum to evaluate their efficacy in suppressing Phytophthora meadii under varying moisture conditions. The survival of Phytophthora was found higher at 50% moisture level. Neem cake with Trichoderma appeared as a suitable amendment at all moisture level and has shown 69% reduction in Phytophthora infection over control. At 75% and 100% (field capacity), no detectable level of Phytophthora was observed in treatments where T. harzianum was fortified with CH, PM and NC. At field capacity, PM and FYM with Trichoderma also reduced the build up of Phytophthora. Native population of Trichoderma was found negligible in non-amended treatments. All the four amendments maintained the population and supported the growth of Trichoderma at all moisture levels. In general, organic manures with T. harzianum reduced the population level of other fungi, while crop residues supported the growth of fungi like Penicillium, Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Mucor, etc. besides T. harzianum.Keywords
Coffee Husk, Crop Residue, Elettaria cardamomum, Farm Yard Manure, Neem Cake, Organic Amendments, Phytophthora meadii, Poultry Manure and Trichoderma harzianum.Full Text
References
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- Malajezuk, N. 1983. Microbial antagonism to Phytophthora, pp. 197-218. In: Erwin, D. C., Bartinicki‑Garcia, S. and Tsao, P. H. (Eds.). Phytophthora, Its Biology, Taxonomy, Ecology and Pathology. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota 5521, USA.
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- Suseela Bhai, R. 1998. Studies on capsule rot (Azhukal disease of cardamom). Ph. D. thesis. Calicut University, Kerala, 246 p.
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- Effect of Rhizobacteria on Phytophthora meadii, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Vanillae and Colletotrichum vanillae Infecting Vanilla
Abstract Views :241 |
PDF Views:124
Authors
R. Suseela Bhai
1,
A. Kumar
1
Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu P.O., Calicut - 673012, Kerala, IN
1 Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu P.O., Calicut - 673012, Kerala, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 1 (2008), Pagination: 33-41Abstract
Rhizobacterial isolates, Pseudomonas fluorescens (5 isolates), Enterobacter agglomerans (one isolate) and Bacillus spp. (14 isolates), were screened for growth promotion and against rot pathogens of vanilla such as Phytophthora mcadii McRae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae and Colletotrichum vanillae Massae. All the rhizobacterial isolates tested except Bacillus polymixa (isolate IISR909) and one Bacillus sp. (isolate IISR915) were inhibitory to P. meadii to an extent of 74 percent, while F. oxysporum was highly inhibited (91.0%) by Bacillus polymixa (isolate IISR909) in vitro. Bacillus sp. (IISR153) was highly inhibitory to C. vanillae with an inhibition of 77.8%. The maximum growth promotion in terms of shoot length (27cm) in vanilla was observed in plants treated with P. fluorescens (isolate IISR13). Different combination of isolates found promising as growth promoting such as P. fluorescens isolates (I1SR6, IISR853) B. lentus (11SR906) B. polymixa (IISR909) E. agglomerans (I1SR912), Bacillus spp. (isolates IISR910, 11SR913, IISR914, IISR915 and IISR149) as well as suppressing the rot pathogens, viz., P. fluorescens (isolates IISR6, HSRS1, IISR853), Bacillus spp. (isolates IISR147, I1SR148 and IISR152), were tested against ischolar_main rot of vanilla caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. The consortia of rhizobacterial isolates, viz-,1)- P. fluorescens isolates (HSR13, I1SR51), Bacillus sp. (IISRIS2) and B. polymixa (IISR909); 2)- P. fluorescens isolates IISR13, IISR51), Bacillus sp.isolates (IISR148, IISR149, IISR152, IISR 907), B. polymixa (IISR909) and B. lentus (IISR 906); 3) P. fluorescens isolates (IISR6, 1ISR13, IISR51), Bacillus sp. isolates (IISR147, IISR151, IISR1S2, IISR153) and B. polymixa (IISR909); and 4) P. fluorescens isolates (IISR6, IISR5.1, IISR147, IISR148, IISR149 and 1ISR907) and B. lentus (IISR906), gave significant disease reduction (88.22-92.85%) when compared to control. However, among the four rhizobacterial consortia, 3 showed the maximum disease reduction of 92,9%.Keywords
Colletotrichum vanillae, Consortium, Fusarium oxysporum, PGPR, Phytophthora meadii, Rhizobacteria, Vanilla planifolia.Full Text
- Evaluation of Antagonists and their Efficacy in Managing Rot Diseases of Small Cardamom
Abstract Views :227 |
PDF Views:111
Authors
Affiliations
1 Indian Cardamom Research Institute, Myladumpara, Kailasanad - 685553, IN
1 Indian Cardamom Research Institute, Myladumpara, Kailasanad - 685553, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 1 (1993), Pagination: 29-36Abstract
The small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) is severely affected by 'Azhukal' (capsule rot) and rhizome rot diseases caused by Phytophthora meadii McRae, Pythium vexans de Bary and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn respectively. In an attempt to control these diseases through non-chemical methods, antagonistic fungi and bacteria were tested as bio-control agents against these rot pathogens. The common antagonists such as Trichoderma viride Pers.fr, T. harsianum Rifai, Laetisaria arvalis Burdsall and Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenburg Cohn) were tested under in vitro, pot culture and field conditions to evaluate their efficacy in suppressing the pathogens and minimising disease incidence. All the antagonists tested in vitro interacted with the pathogens by growth inhibition, anastamoses and hyphal lysis. Pot culture studies on the effect of these antagonists on pathogens showed varying degrees of disease reduction. Application of antagonists in Phytophthora-sick soils reduced soil disease potential index and percentage disease incidence. The potentiality or these biocontrol agents in monitoring rot diseases of small cardamom is discussed in this paper.
Keywords
Cardamom, Trichoderma, Azhukal Disease, Laetisatia, Phytophthora, Antagonist.Full Text
- Biocontrol and Growth Promotive Potential of Streptomyces Spp. in Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Abstract Views :293 |
PDF Views:194
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode 6730112, Kerala, IN
1 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode 6730112, Kerala, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 30, No 3 (2016), Pagination: 177-189Abstract
Actinomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of black pepper and from vermicompost were tested for their antagonistic effect against Phytophthora capsici and Radopholus similis, the causal agents of foot rot and slow decline diseases of black pepper. Based on in vitro evaluations, four isolates were shortlisted (IISR Act2, IISR Act5, IISR Act6, and IISR Act9) and subjected to in vivo evaluation for Phytophthora infection by challenge inoculation and also greenhouse evaluation for growth promotion in black pepper. Rooted plants of black pepper were raised in soil amended with Actinomycetes strains individually and in combinations in portray and were transplanted into earthenware pots containing potting mixture amended with respective actinomycetes keeping un-amended plants as control. Observations were recorded on growth parameters like plant height, ischolar_main weight, shoot weight and ischolar_main infection by nematodes. Besides, soil was also analyzed for pH, dehydrogenase activity, EC and NPK content to know the influence of actinomycetes on soil microflora as well as on nutrient status. The results showed that consortia are more effective than individual isolates. Consortia holding IISR Act5+IISR Act9 were found highly effective in enhancing all the growth parameters followed by IISR Act2+ IISR Act9 and IISR Act2 + IISR Act5. The dehydrogenase activity was found higher in these consortia showing the higher microbial metabolic activity. Root lesions were also negligible in these treatments. Being effective in growth promotion as well as antagonistic activity, the isolates were tested for plant growth promotion and biocontrol traits. Among the isolates, IISR Act9 was found highly efficient in IAA production (119μg/ml) when compared to IISR Act2 (36.25μg/ml) and IISR Act5 (32.4μg/ml). Hence based on the growth promotive and pathogen suppressive effect, the consortia of either IISR Act5+IISR Act9 , IISR Act2+IISR Act9 or IISR Act2+IISR Act5 can be effectively used in black pepper for growth promotion and biological control of foot rot and slow decline diseases. The potential actinomycetes were identified as Streptomyces spp. as per Bergey’s manual and rpoB gene sequence similarity of which IISR Act2 is identified as Streptomyces sp., IISR Act9 as Streptomyces albus and IISR Act5 as Streptomyces sp.Keywords
Black Pepper Biocontrol, Consortia, Growth Promotion, IAA Production, PGPR, Streptomyces Spp., Phytophthora capsici.Full Text
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- Diversity and Antagonistic Potential of Apoplastic Bacteria Against Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum Race 4 Causing Bacterial Wilt of Ginger
Abstract Views :308 |
PDF Views:127
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu PO, Kozhikode - 673012, Kerala, IN
1 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu PO, Kozhikode - 673012, Kerala, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 33, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 197-216Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum race 4 is a devastating disease of ginger, for which almost all control measures met with limited success. In this study, 150 bacteria isolated from the apoplastic fluid of ginger were screened for antagonism against R. pseudosolanacearum both in vitro and in planta and shortlisted six isolates which were further characterized for biocontrol and plant growth promoting traits. The promising isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis (IISRGAB 5), B. marisflavi (IISRGAB 43), B. licheniformis (IISRGAB 107), Agrobacterium tumefaciens (IISRGAB24), Micrococcus luteus (IISRGAB 48) and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (IISRGAB 146). Green house evaluation against R. pseudosolanacearum, by seed priming and soil drenching showed that B. licheniformis strain GAP107–MTCC 12725, was able to reduce bacterial wilt incidence up to 67%. Hence, this bacterium was identified as a suitable candidate for developing a potential biocide for the management of bacterial wilt in ginger.
Keywords
Apoplastic Bacillus licheniformis, Bacterial Wilt, Ginger, Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum Race 4.Full Text
References
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